Integrative Plant Sciences

Impact of different biocidal compounds for improvement of vase life and quality of cut flowers: A review

Ayesha Manzoor — 2021-12-29

Cut flowers are short-lived commodities and are prone to early senescence. Short vase life is caused
by a disturbance in stem conducting tissues due to microbial growth blockage, which reduces water
uptake and flower wilting. Therefore, a cut flower is placed in a holding solution containing two main
components, sugar and biocide. Sugar provides respiratory substrate while biocides reduce the
microbial count in flower stem and vase solution. Different biocidal compounds like silver nitrate, 8-
HQC, disinfectants, polymers, aluminum sulfate, sodium benzoate, 5-sulfosalicylic acid improved
vase life and kept the quality of cut flowers. They inhibit xylem vessel occlusion by loosening
bacterial cell walls, acidifying vase solution and inactivating enzymes involved in endogenous
ethylene release. They also improved keeping quality of cut flowers by providing cell membrane
stability and increasing antioxidants enzyme activities.

Assessment of genetic diversity among indigenous chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm under normal and water deficit conditions

Zubair Iqbal — 2021-12-29

The genetic diversity of 80 chickpea genotypes was assessed under normal and water deficit conditions. Significant
differences were present among all the 80 chickpea genotypes. A biplot graph was used to record the interaction
between genotypes. Genotype 17365 had a maximum plant height of 83.2 cm among all the genotypes under water
deficit conditions, while genotype 17356 carries a maximum plant height of 71cm under average conditions.
Genotype 17306 was found with the highest number of pods per plant, 69 underwater deficit conditions, while
genotype 17333 carries the highest number of pods per genotype 47 under normal conditions. Maximum no. of seeds
per plant was observed in genotype 17356, having 85 seeds per plant under normal conditions, while Genotype 17339
carries determined seeds, i.e., 52 underwater deficit conditions. Genotype 17356 had a maximum yield per plant,
having 24.596g under normal conditions, while 17339 genotype carries the highest yield, i.e., 21 g, under water deficit
conditions. While genotype 17333 has a maximum biological yield of 55.55g under normal conditions, genotype
17339 carries a maximum biological yield of 42g under water deficit conditions. The 17361 genotypes have a
maximum 100 seed weight having 39.83g under normal conditions, while genotype 17303 carries a maximum 100-
seed weight of 34g under water deficit conditions. Genotype 17366 has a maximum harvest index of 78.64% under
normal conditions, while genotype 17342 carries 62% under water deficit conditions. So, this genetic diversity can
be used in the future to develop drought-tolerant and high-yield chickpea cultivars.

Inheritance studies for post-anthesis mobilization of assimilates in wheat under rainfed condition

Mian Faisal Nazir — 2021-12-29

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop of the world and staple food of about 35% of world
population. Photosynthate or current assimilates are the primary carbon source for grain filling, but under moisture stress
these may not be available. Hence, the stem and other plant parts reserves are an essential carbon source for grain filling
under stress conditions. Analysis of variance exhibited significant genotypic differences for all the traits under study.
Under the treated condition, genotype LLR-21 showed the highest translocation of dry matter and translocation efficiency
among parents, while LLR20 showed the highest percentage of contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to grain. Among
crosses, cross LLR-22 x CB-42 showed the highest value for translocation of dry matter and translocation efficiency,
while Nazcozari x LLR22 showed the highest percentage for contribution to pre-anthesis assimilates. Combining ability
analysis revealed that the traits showed different behavior under stress conditions than the control condition. GCA mean
squares for the dry matter at anthesis, dry matter at maturity, translocation of dry matter and contribution of pre-anthesis
assimilates to grain was lower than SCA, suggesting the presence of a non-additive type of gene action under control
conditions. GCA mean squares for translocation of dry matter, translocation efficiency and contribution of pre-anthesis
assimilates to grain were lower, indicating the presence of non-additive gene action for these traits under-treated
conditions. The dry matter at anthesis and dry matter at maturity showed additive type of gene action under-treated
conditions

Multivariate Analysis for Evaluation of Mutant Bread Wheat Lines Using Metric Traits

Naimatullah Mangi — 2021-12-29

An assessment of genetic variation within diverse germplasm is needed to allow more efficient genetic improvement. The study assessed genetic divergence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Principal component analysis was applied to explore major modes of joint variability in yield and yield contributing traits. A multivariate approach was used to investigate the correlations between yield and yield contributing traits. The experiment was planted M₄ mutant lines from Marvi, and Sassui varieties were sown along with two check varieties viz. NIA-Amber and NIA-Saarangat Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam during the rabi season 2014-15. following randomized complete block design with three replications. This study has shown considerable genetic variation among the genotypes considered, which may help further selection and breeding. Parents may be selected from clusters with significant genetic distances for crossing to obtain genetic recombination and transgressive segregation in the subsequent generations. However, further study across locations and years needs to be done to corroborate the results obtained in the present investigation.

Cause and Effect Relationship of Some Growth and Yield Traits in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Basheer Noman Sallam — 2021-12-29

The effectiveness of a breeding program can usually be determined through the direction and size of the contribution of yield traits, whereas a proportional relevance of each trait is involved in its contribution towards yield. Practical knowledge of this phenomenon would aid in the decision-making process for the concurrent development of many traits in a breeding program. The present experimental investigations were carried out in the Alsayla area, Ibb Governorate in Yemen, from February to May 2021 with a set of thirteen cumber cultivars planted as a triplicated randomized complete blocked design (RCBD) under a protected greenhouse to examine the cause-effect relationship among growth, yield, and its contributing traits for cucumber. For the determination of the direct and indirect impact on yield, the path analysis was performed using genotypic correlation coefficients as input. Both objectives were studied for different characteristics like Vine length (m), Leaf Area (cm²), Fruit Weight (g), Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Fruit diameter (cm), and dry matter (%), as well as fruit yield plant^-1 (g). Genotypic and phenotypic correlation results revealed that yield had a highly significant positive correlation with fruit weight, leaf area, fruit diameter, dry matter, TSS (Brix°), and the path coefficients for genetic correlation coefficients showed a positive direct effect. These traits should thus be prioritized in the selection process for developing cucumber varieties with high yield potential.